Abstract Benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed as anxiolytics, sedatives hypnotics, and muscle relaxants as well as anticonvulsants. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are also the most widely used for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Because of the chronic nature of epilepsy, NSAIDs may be used with benzodiazepines in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, there’s a probability of an interaction of NSAIDs and benzodiazepines in clinical practice. In order to study such interactions experimentally, an animal model was used. Thus, this thesis was aimed to explore pharmacological interactions between selective and non selective NSAIDs and diazepam anticonvulsant effect. Convulsion was induced in male albino mice by picrotoxin in two different doses (6 and 8 mg/kg), NSAIDs were used according to selectivity to cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX): Aspirin at 10 mg/kg (COX-1 selective inhibitor) and Aspirin at 100 and 200 mg/kg, diclofenac 10 and 20 mg/kg (non selective COX inhibitors) and celecoxib 20 mg/kg (COX-2 selective inhibitor). Diazepam at 1 and 2 mg/kg were chosen as low doses and parameters of convulsive behavior of picrotoxin deviation. psy, NSAIDs may be used with benzodiazepines in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, there’s a probability of an interaction of NSAIDs and benzodiazepines in clinical practice. In order to study such interactions experimentally, an animal model was used. Thus, this thesis was aimed to explore pharmacological interactions between selective and non selective NSAIDs and diazepam anticonvulsant effect. Convulsion was induced in male albino mice by picrotoxin in two different doses (6 and 8 mg/kg), NSAIDs were used according to selectivity to cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX): Aspirin at 10 mg/kg (COX-1 selective inhibitor) and Aspirin at 100 and 200 mg/kg, diclofenac 10 and 20 mg/kg (non selective COX inhibitors) and celecoxib 20 mg/kg (COX-2 selective inhibitor). Diazepam at 1 and 2 mg/kg were chosen as low doses and parameters of convulsive behavior of picrotoxin were observed in this thesis: onset time, episode frequency and death occurrence within post-injection of picrotoxin for 24 hrs. Aspirin in low dose (10 mg/kg) showed protection against death to about 50%. This protection which seems to be partially effective as anticonvulsant agent, however, higher dose of Aspirin (100 mg/kg) did not produce any significant change against convulsing in mice, Aspirin 200 mg/kg showed highly significant reduction of episode frequency (P < 0.001) and decreased percent of death. Furthermore, Aspirin 200 mg/kg in combination with diazepam has potentiated the effect of diazepam to complete protection against convulsion induced by picrotoxin. With respect to diclofenac, diclofenac pretreated-mice did not show any significant effect at 10 and 20 mg/kg with picrotoxin but in combination with diazepam showed significant potentiated effect of diazepam. Moreover, COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) alone delayed onset of convulsion without significant influence against the control but significantly decreased episodes and percent of death. Also in combination of celecoxib and diazepam, a highly potentiation of the effect and almost complete protection against convulsion behavior were noted (P < 0.001). Thus, it can be concluded that the studied NSAIDs have anticonvulsant behavior-like activity alone and in combination with diazepam. The most profound effect of anticonvulsant activity was showed in low episodes and mortality rate. In combination with diazepam, NSAIDs have more positive potential role in diazepam anticonvulsant effect. The present findings may also suggest that NSAIDs most likely COX-2 selective inhibitor is more potentiated diazepam’s anticonvulsant activity than COX-1 selective and non-selective inhibitors and such interaction could be more likely to be pharmacodynmic type.
نجمية محمد الزواوي (2014)

Background: The fat extracted from the nut of the African Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is called Shea butter. It has multiple uses at the local level as it is used in cosmetic products and as a cocoa butter substitute in chocolate industries. It has a high nutritious value and is also a valuable product on the local, national, and international markets, making it the ideal candidate to research and invest in. Aim: This study is a comparative experimental study of the possible burn healing effects between imported South African raw Shea butter and samples in a Libyan market. Method: The control samples were brought from South Africa (Benin traditional markets). A total of 18 different samples were collected from different sale centers in Tripoli, including pharmacies, beauty shops, and spices shops, in addition to one sample brought from Poland. Animal experiment on burn healing effect was carried out on nine male Sprague Dawley (350–400 g) rats aged 6–8 weeks old. After shaving the animal’s dorsum hair, a metal cube was used to create a deep second degree burn wound, and the cube was heated to 100°C for 20 seconds. Medication with Shea butter (control, T1, and T2) was initiated daily for one for these groups by the application of a thin film of the Shea butter samples on the burned areas. On days 1, 3, and 7, the rats were anesthetised and a sample from the burned scar tissue and skin adjacent were evaluated using pathological parameters. Results: The histological study indicates that the use of Shea butter T1 as topical treatment induces an immune response, which enhances the form of the presence of a large number of inflammatory cells in the epidermis and dermis layers. The treatment of burned skin with T2 lasted for 72 hours and it showed slightly significant healing in the normal structure of proliferative granulation tissue with accumulation of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells surrounding the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Small areas of the epidermis which formed few layers were observed and some hair roots were grown. This was well seen in cases of T1 and T2. Shea butter bought as raw might have a bad effect on burned skin. Conclusion: Shea butter bought as raw might have bad effect on burned skin. On the other hand, the sample from Poland had a therapeutic effect, which was because of the additives such as avocado oil, grape seed oil, and others. arabic 18 English 101
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi, Soad Ali Abdulsalam Treesh, ٍSuhera Mehemed Abdulsalam Aburawi, , , (11-2020)

شجرة الزيتون والمعروفة علميا بإسم Olea europaea موطنها حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسط. وتعتبر منتجات شجرة الزيتون من العناصر المهمة في الغذاء الصحي ودلك لاحتوائها علي مركبات الفينول. العديد من الدراسات على أوراق وزيت الزيتون بينت إن لهذه المشتقات من شجرة الزيتون فعالية في إنقاص معدل حدوث أمراض القلب. كما بينت نتائج التجارب المعملية و التي تم فيها استخدام خلاصة أوراق الزيتون على الحيوانات العديد من التأثيرات: مثل التأثير المضاد للأكسدة، المضاد للجراثيم والفيروسات ،و خافض لضغط الدم ومنظم لخفقات القلب وخافض لمستوى السكر في الدم ومنع تكدس الصفائح الدموية. كما بينت الدراسات أن إتباع نظام غدائي تقليدي كما هو الحال في منطقة حوض البحر المتوسط يودي إلي نقص ملحوظ في عدد الوفيات الإجمالي. ومن خلال مراجعة مانشر من أبحاث عن منتجات شجرة الزيتون وجدنا أن أغلبها ركزت على زيت الزيتون وخاصة تأثيره على الجهاز الدوري وعلاقته بالدم وتجلطه ومن هنا رأينا إن نقوم بدراسة التأثير المضاد للجلطة الناتج عن إعطاء المستخلص الكحولي لأوراق الزيتون المحلية على الأرانب. تم تقسيم حيوانات التجارب ( الأرانب ) إلى أربع مجموعات كل مجموعة تحتوي علي ستة أرانب. وتم إعطاء الدواء و الدواء الكاذب عن طريق الفم . المجموعة الأولى والثانية أعطيت جرعات متكررة 100 و 200 مليجرام/كيلوجرام من المستخلص الكحولي لأوراق الزيتون عن طريق الفم المجموعة الثالثة أعطيت جرعة من الدواء الكاذب (الماء) أما المجموعة الرابعة فأعطيت عقار الوارفارين 1.5 مليجرام/كيلوجرام/اليوم . وتم إستحداث الجلطة الوريدية عن طريق عقار الترومبوبلاستين وربط الوريد الأجوف (الأبهر). تم قياس التأثير الدوائي بعد ثمانية أسابيع من إعطاء الجرعة اليومية. وتم قياس وزن الجلطة وزمن التجلط Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (PT and APTT). وأظهرت الدراسة إن المستخلص الكحولي لأورق الزيتون يزيد من الزمن اللازم لحدوث الجلطة (PT) و ليس له تأثير على وزن الجلطة ولكن له تأثير على شكلها ومكان تواجدها في داخل الوريد. Abstract Olive tree, botanically known as Olea europaea (native to Mediterranean regions). Its products have been recognized as important components of a healthy diet because of their phenolic content. Olive leaves and olive oils in the Mediterranean diet have been the focus of many epidemiological studies and have been shown to reduce the incidence of heart diseases and adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with a significant reduction in total mortality. The aim of our study is to investigate (in vivo) the antithrombic effect of locally cultivated olive leaf ethanolic extract on the rabbits. The rabbits were divided into four groups, two groups were treated with repeated oral doses of OLE of 100 and 200 mg/kg for eight weeks, the third group was treated with distilled water and the fourth group was given warfarin (1.25 mg/kg/day).The effect of the treatment was evaluated on thrombus weight, and coagulation parameters Prothrombine time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Our results showed that OLE had no effect on thrombus weight compared with control group treated with distilled water. Prothrombin time was significantly prolonged in the OLE- treated rabbit. However, the APTT was not significantly affected by this treatment. The shape of thrombus was also affected in rabbits treated with OLE. In conclusion the effect of OLE may be attributed to an improvement in endothelial function.
عبدالله محمد الدب (2010)