Abtracts: Large English classes can cause many problems for the teacher and the young learners. It may seem impossible in such classes to organize dynamic and creative teaching and learning sessions. For example, it is impossible for the teacher in such classes to ensure individual participation of the young learners in the process of language practice and language use. Large classes can never be suitable for dealing with the new demands of language teaching. In other words, large classes cannot facilitate accomplishing teaching and learning based on the principles underlying communicative approach adopted in the primary 5 and 6 textbook, which is intended to build up the learner's confidence in going from organizing information to using the different language skills. The study examines the negative effects of the large number of young learners in the classroom. It intends to shed light on problems encountered in teaching English as a foreign language for communication to such classes. Research procedure and techniques to be used to collect data required for this study will be fulfilled by the use of teacher's questionnaire, as well as data drawn from informal interviews with English teachers in some primary schools in Tripoli. The actual teaching environment in primary schools is unsuitable for teaching English as a foreign language to young learners and at the same time, it prevents pupils from learning English properly. This is because most of the classes which have been visited and observed were crowded with large number of pupils. It has been noticed that this situation was problematic and uncomfortable for both the teachers and the pupils. Teaching English as a foreign language for communication to young learners requires small number of pupils in each class for the process to be successful. Young learners need special teachers' care and attention. They need enough time for each learner to practise the language and perform the various activities. Therefore, it has been recommended that large classes must be reduced to normal-size classes.
أسماء محمد أبوصاع (2010)

يتلخص مضمون هذه الرسالة بأن دراسة تحليلية لمعلمي اللغة الانجليزية بمرحلة التعليم الثانوي، تؤكد بأن التطوير المهني المستمر يمثل الرافعة الاساسية وحجر الزاوية لكل تجديد يستلزم مواكبة المستجدات في أفق الاصلاح المنشود، كما انه يمثل الاهمية البالغة باعتباره ورشا مفتوحا وخيارا استراتيجيا لا مناص منه لكسب رهان الجودة وذلك بممارسة مفهوم (التقييم الذاتي (بغية التعلم من الخبرات السابقة الذي يؤدي الي التطوير المهني. حيث اجمعت الأدبيات التربوية علي أن التطوير المهني المستمر هو التكوين الذي يتلقاه المعلمين بعد التكوين الأول الذي حصلوا عليه قبل الخدمة, ويستهدف هذا التطوير مواكبة الاحداث والمواقف التي تظهر عادة في اساسيات العمل الذي يمارسونه وذلك من خلال التدرب علي اكتشاف تلك المواقف والمستجدات والقدرة علي تحليلها وتقييمها وأتخاد القرارات المناسبة حيالها بغية ابتكار حلول مناسبة ليتم بذلك تكوين خبرات جديدة منبثقه من الخبرات السابقة التي تم التعرض لها داخل الفصول الدراسية, والذي يساهم بذلك في رفع الكفاءة المهنية لدي المعلمين . وبناء علي ما يؤكده المتخصصون في مجال التربية والتعليم بأن هناك احساس متزايد كون أن برامج تأهيل المعلمين قد لا تتناسب أو لا تخدم موقف او ظاهرة سلوكية بعينها, فمن هنا جاءت فكرة التقييم الذاتي بأعتبارها تركز بشكل مباشر علي تغيير برامج إعداد المعلمين من مفهوم ) ما الذي يجب أن يفعله المعلم ( الي مفهوم (لماذا وكيف يفعل ذلك ( فضلا عن ان عملية التدريس اضحت عملية تكدس للمعارف والعلوم المفروضة عليهم لغرض معين دون منحهم فرصة التدريب والتدرب ليتمكنوا بذلك من كيفية التعامل مع المواقف السلوكية التعليميةبأنواعها المختلفة. ومن خلال تلك الافتراضات, يري منظروا التربية الحديثة أن المدرس الناجح يجب أن يمتلك كفاية التبصر والتقييم الذاتي والقدرة علي استيعاب الاثار الجانبية للمهنة , حينذاك يكون في محور التعليم الذي يتوقع أو يستبق الافعال المعرفية للتلاميذ, بعد ذلك تتم ملاحظة مدي نجاحهم أو إخفاقهم وهنا يكون في محور التعلم, لكن المدرس لا يكتسب هذه الكفاية الا اذا كان نشاطه مؤسسا علي وسائل فكرية تسمح بتجاوز الطابع التجريبي, والمرور عبر نظريات وخبرات سابقة من اجل انطلاقة جديدة , ان الاساس في اكتساب هذه الكفاية هو التناوب بين التطبيق والنظرية ثم التطبيق , ان هذا الانعطاف للنظرية التي يفرضها التناوب ينبغي القيام بها باستمرار وفي هدوء وبشكل فردي او جماعي مع مدرسون أو مدربون اخرون وذلك لأسباب مختلفة يذكر منها ان مهارة التقييم الذاتي أو التحليل تكتسب مع الوقت ولا يمكن التحكم فيها في وقت قصير. Abstract: The role of reflective teaching practice in the continuous professional development of teachers is a case study of some English language teachers in some secondary schools in Tripoli. The study is subdivided into five chapters. The first chapter is concerned with the initial key elements of the study such as the introduction , the problem of the study , the literature review that support the study , the purpose and the significance of the study, the research questions and the limitation of the study . The second chapter is concerned with the review of literature. It consists of two parts. The first part is concerned with supervision process and practical experience. In this part, the notion of supervision is presented explaining how the process of supervision is changed from time to time in order to help teachers develop their proficiency competence in teaching, and how the view of the position of the supervisor is changed from a person who has the authority to ask teachers what they have to do and what they have not to do, to a person who is more collaborative with the teachers who work together as collages in different jobs, by selecting certain approaches based on the needs of the teachers. In addition, some of supervision models from different education trends are presented to be as approaches that help teachers improve to their learning strategies. The second part of this study is concerned with reflective practice and the continuous professional development. In this part, the history roots of reflective practice are produced; the notion of reflective practice is identified explaining how this notion intends to transfer teachers from the view of technicians to the view of practitioners. In addition, different VIII reflective practice models that can help teachers grow professionally are carefully selected and defined. The third chapter is concerned with the research design and methodology. In this chapter the subject teachers, the questionnaire and the procedure of data analyses are described. The forth chapter is analyses for the purpose of answering the research questions, and to understand the teachers' attitude of practicing reflection. Chapter five which is the last chapter in this study is devoted to the findings of the study consisting of conclusion and the recommendations made in of the results.
فتحي العماري مفتاح القنصل (2014)

Abstract Lexical competence can be defined as one's ability to use words differently and fully. This study is an attempt to investigate the effective techniques for testing the lexical competence in foreign language teaching. The study consists of four chapters. Chapter one is an introduction to the study. It focuses on the background of the study, and the problem of the study as well as the purpose and the hypotheses of the study. Chapter two deals with the definitions, characteristics, types and methods for testing lexical competence were given. This chapter also focuses on the testing language skills and what to test in testing learners' lexical competence. Chapter three is the practical part of the study. It includes subjects of the study and data for the study. The data consisted of the students' test and the teachers' questionnaire with their analysis and results. Chapter four is concerned with the concluding remarks that have been drawn from the study. Some recommendations on the appropriate use of testing vocabulary are also suggested in order to overcome the teachers and the student’s problems for techniques in testing and teaching lexical competence.
حميدة علي الباوندي (2015)